Muhammed, while establishing his new religion, drew inspiration from the Jews and Christians. He incorporated the concept of a monotheistic God, prophets, and angels into Islam, which he adopted from these religions. However, he also wanted to include elements like the Ka'aba and Hajj in Islam for political reasons, as they held significant importance in the Arab world.

One Arab custom involved designating four sacred months out of the twelve, during which wars and the looting of trading caravans were prohibited. This custom was crucial for their economy as it allowed for the movement of caravans and trade with other tribes during these peaceful months.

The ancient Arabs themselves initiated this tradition based on their needs, later attributing it to the idol gods, whom they believed commanded them not to shed blood or loot caravans during those four months.

Additionally, the Arabs followed the Lunar Calendar, which had a flaw of being ten days shorter than the Solar Calendar. This flaw had a significant impact on the lives of the Arab people, as it made it challenging to align Hajj events and trade caravans with months of favorable weather. Due to the Lunar Calendar, Hajj would sometimes fall during extremely hot or cold weather. Similarly, many trade goods were also dependent on weather conditions and could not be traded during the off-season.

Not only did the Arabs of that time follow the Lunar Calendar, but the Jews also followed a similar calendar. However, the Jews recognized the flaw in the Lunar Calendar and introduced a reform by adding an extra month every three years to make it align with the Solar Calendar.

Even the Arabs of the pre-Islamic era learned this from the Jews. They introduced the practice of adjusting the timing of the four sacred months according to weather conditions to ensure that Hajj and trade could take place in pleasant weather, enabling people to travel easily.

However, the writer of the Quran (Muhammad) not only retained the flawed Lunar Calendar but also prohibited the practice of adjusting the timing of the four sacred months.

(Quran 9:36-37)
Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him]. Indeed, the postponing [of restriction within sacred months] is an increase in disbelief by which those who have disbelieved are led [further] astray. They make it lawful one year and unlawful another year to correspond to the number made unlawful by Allah and [thus] make lawful what Allah has made unlawful. 

The Lunar Calendar lacks practicality as it has minimal impact on human life. The Solar Calendar, on the other hand, plays a central role in human activities. Agricultural cycles and trade are aligned with the Solar Calendar, highlighting its significance. Despite the insistence of Muslim scholars on adopting the Lunar Calendar, Muslims have largely abandoned it and now follow the Solar Calendar for their daily activities.

Therefore, the writer of the Quran is mistaken in claiming that the entire universe revolves around the 12 Lunar Months. These lunar months hold little importance for the Earth and even for Muslims. Muslims only refer to the Lunar Calendar for occasions such as Eid or Ramadan, while relying on the Solar Calendar for all other worldly matters.

Why did the writer of the Quran declare these 4 months sacred?

Muslims have long been perplexed by the significance of the four sacred Lunar months mentioned in the Quran and why they were designated as such for the past 14 centuries. It should be noted that the month of Ramadan is not included among these four sacred months.

Out of the four months, three (Dhul Qadha, Dhul Hijjah, and Muharram) occur consecutively. During these months, trade caravans journeyed in peace for the Hajj pilgrimage. The fourth month, Rajab, witnessed trade caravans embarking on the 'Umra journey to the Kaaba.

In the pre-Islamic era, the Arabian Peninsula was comprised of various tribes, and their livelihood often involved raiding trade caravans. To ensure peaceful trade for Hajj and 'Umra, the Arabs deemed these four months as sacred.

However, with the advent of Islam and the unification of the Arab region under a single state, trade caravans were no longer subjected to looting throughout the year. Consequently, the necessity of safeguarding trade caravans during these specific months ceased to exist.

This raises the question: Why did Allah only declare these four months as sacred, prohibiting bloodshed and looting during this limited period? Logically, if there truly was an Allah, the decree would have been for all twelve months to be sacred, disallowing violence and looting throughout the entire year.

It seems incongruous that a divine being would restrict people from engaging in war, spilling blood, and looting trade caravans for only four months, while permitting such actions during the remaining eight months.

Following the establishment of a unified Arab state, wars and the looting of trade caravans became non-existent throughout the year. Consequently, contemporary Muslims have limited knowledge of these four sacred months and the reasons behind Allah's declaration.

In reality, there is no higher power, and it was Muhammad himself who adhered to this custom from the pre-Islamic era of ignorant practices. The sacredness attributed to these four months is not inherent, but rather stems from weather conditions and trade activities in the Arabian region.

Furthermore, if Allah had indeed proclaimed these four months as sacred since the creation of the heavens and the Earth, one would expect to find references to them in Jewish and Christian scriptures. However, there is no mention of Hajj, 'Umra, the twelve Lunar months, or the four sacred months in Jewish or Christian texts.

Since Jews and Christians did not have the annual obligation of Hajj or 'Umra, the concept of four sacred months did not exist for them, as it did for the pre-Islamic pagans.

In the era of ignorance, the twelve-month Lunar Calendar was followed worldwide. However, aside from the pagan Arabs, no other community regarded these four months as sacred. This highlights the fact that only the pagan Arabs felt the need for an annual Hajj and 'Umra pilgrimage.

Islam Apologists: Allah chose Lunar Calendar in order to break the habits

Islam apologists argue that the Lunar Calendar is not flawed, but rather a deliberate choice by Allah to disrupt habits and challenge individuals to perform Hajj in extreme weather conditions, as well as fasting during extreme heat or cold.

However, this excuse holds little weight. Not even Allah himself presented this justification; it was fabricated later by Islam apologists.

If the repetition of events at specific intervals is truly undesirable, then why does nature adhere to this rule? Why do the four seasons repeat themselves at predictable intervals? Why do crops grow in accordance with these seasons? Why do birds migrate at the same time each solar year?

It should be noted that nature also contains variations within itself. The length of days fluctuates based on the seasons, leading to changes in sleeping patterns, waking times, and meal schedules. Even prayer times are influenced by these variations.

However, repetition is just as necessary in nature as variation. Nature repeats itself at the same time for annual events, as it is crucial for the growth of crops, the trade of goods, and the functioning of human life.

Aligning ourselves with nature is essential. Whenever we go against nature, we make mistakes. Opposing nature can lead to the destruction of businesses, as individuals cannot leave their crops unattended to embark on the Hajj pilgrimage.

The start of the “Weekly System” and Islam copying it from earlier cultures

The system of dividing a lunar month into four weeks is inherently flawed. A lunar month consists of approximately 29.53 days, making it impossible to evenly divide into four equal weeks.

The system of the Lunar Year has its origins in Sumerian culture, dating back to the era of ignorance. Interestingly, Islam still followed it while Islam itself is a product of the era of ignorance. 

https://www.livescience.com/45432-days-of-the-week.html
The seven-day week originates from the calendar of the Babylonians, which in turn is based on a Sumerian calendar dated to 21st-century B.C. Seven days corresponds to the time it takes for a moon to transition between each phase: full, waning half, new and waxing half. Because the moon cycle is 29.53 days long, the Babylonians would insert one or two days into the final week of each month.

Just as the Jews declared Saturday as a sacred day, Islam designated Friday as a sacred day. According to Muhammad, Friday was also considered sacred by previous nations, but they later deviated from this belief and revered other days instead.

Sahih Muslim, Hadith 856b:
Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: We were guided aright to Friday (as a day of prayer and meditation), but Allah diverted those who were before us from it. 

Moreover, Muhammad also claimed that Adam was created on the day of Friday, and on this day, he was expelled from paradise, and on Friday he died. 

Sahih Muslim, Hadith 854b:
Abu Huraira reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday; on it Adam was created. on it he was made to enter Paradise, on it he was expelled from it. And the last hour will take place on no day other than Friday.

Scientific Mistake in Quran regarding 12 Months Lunar Year being the system of the Universe

The writer of the Quran (i.e. Muhammad), made significant mistakes regarding the use of the Lunar Calendar and its influence on the universe. In Quranic verses (9:36-37), he claims that the universe operates according to these 12 Lunar months since its creation.

(Quran 9:36-37)
Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [since] the day He created the heavens and the earth

However, modern science reveals the following scientific inaccuracies in his claims:

• Firstly, Muhammad asserts that the earth and the universe were created simultaneously. In reality, the earth emerged approximately 9 billion years after the rest of the universe, and even the moon formed after the creation of planet Earth.
• Therefore, during the supposed beginning of the universe, there was no moon in existence that could complete its rotation in precisely 12 lunar months.
• Moreover, the completion of 12 Lunar months, totaling 355 days, has no significant impact on human life or the universe.

It becomes evident that Muhammad, unaware of future scientific advancements, felt at liberty to fabricate stories about the heavens and stars, assuming no one could investigate or challenge his claims. However, as science progressed, it unveiled the falsehoods within his narratives, exposing them as mere lies.