One of the ultimate weapons against religion is "Humanity" within us. This humanity will guide us correctly and let us differentiate between right and wrong.
Moreover, there is the dark side of Islam which has been hidden from the Public by the Mullahs. Even 99% of Muslims don't know its existence. If only the Muslims come to know about this darker side, then they would certainly abandon Islam.
Now let us see the Sharia Orders of "humiliating" the Non-Muslims in an Islamic State.
Sahih Muslim (Link):
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لاَ تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَلاَ النَّصَارَى بِالسَّلاَمِ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ "
Allah's Messenger said: Do not greet the Jews and the Christians before they greet you and when you meet any one of them on the roads force him to go to the narrowest part of it (in order to humiliate them).
Let us see this same tradition from Sunnan al-Tirmidhi (online link):
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " لاَ تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلاَمِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاضْطَرُّوهُمْ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ " . قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَنَسٍ وَأَبِي بَصْرَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ . وَمَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ " لاَ تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى " . قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِنَّمَا مَعْنَى الْكَرَاهِيَةِ لأَنَّهُ يَكُونُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ وَإِنَّمَا أُمِرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِتَذْلِيلِهِمْ وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا لَقِيَ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَلاَ يَتْرُكُ الطَّرِيقَ عَلَيْهِ لأَنَّ فِيهِ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُمْ .
That the Messenger of Allah said: "Do not precede the Jews and the Christians with the Salam. And if one you meets one of them in the path, then force him to its narrow portion." ... [Abu 'Eisa (i.e. Imam Tirmidhi) said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. And regarding the meaning of this Hadith: "Do not precede the Jews and the Christians": Some of the people of knowledge said that it only means that it is disliked because it would be honoring them, while the Muslims were ordered to humiliate them (in Quran Verse 9:29). For this reason, when one of them is met on the path, then the path is not yielded for him, because doing so would amount to honoring them.
Now let us read the Quranic Verse (9:29) which has been mentioned above by Imam Tirmidhi for the humiliation of the Non-Muslims.
(Quran 9:28-29) يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ إِن شَآءَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ - قَـتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَـبَ حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَـغِرُونَ
Translation (online link):
O ye who believe! Truly the Pagans are unclean (/impure/filthy); so let them not, after this year of theirs, approach the Sacred Mosque ... Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, of the People of the Book (i.e. Christians and Jews and Zoroastrians), until they pay the Jizya (tax) with willing submission, and feel themselves humiliated (Arabic: صَـغِرُونَ).
Here صَـغِرُونَ is an Arabic word, which means humiliation/subdued (link). This same word has also been used in Quran in verse (7:119) and verse (7:113) with the same meaning of "Humiliation". Imam Tirmidhi pointed out (see above tradition) that صَـغِرُونَ has been used in the meanings of تذلیل (i.e. extreme humiliation).
Ibn Kathir wrote in the commentary of this verse 9:29 (link):
“(and feel themselves subdued.), disgraced, humiliated and belittled. Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of Dhimmah or elevate them above Muslims, for they are miserable, disgraced and humiliated. Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, لَا تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِه (Do not initiate the Salam to the Jews and Christians, and if you meet any of them in a road, force them to its narrowest alley).”
Note:
Jizyah has nothing to do with the exemption of Jihad. Muslims went for Jihad and they got a share of the war Booty as a reward, while non-Muslims didn't get any war booty.
Even if a polytheist takes part in Jihad along with Muslims, still then he will not get any share from the booty according to some scholars (Sunan Tirmidhi, Hadith 1558)
But any person (Muslim or non-Muslim) who does not go for Jihad, then he does not get any share from the war booty. The difference is that this Muslim (who does not go for Jihad) still does not have to pay any Jizyah.
The lame excuse of Muslims: These orders were limited to the incident of Banu Qurayzah
There is no excuse for such xenophobic behaviour and even the Humanity within Muslims makes it impossible for them to accept such Sharia orders. Therefore, Muslims came up with an excuse that these orders were specific to the incident of Banu Qurayzah, while there was a war-like situation between them and the Muslims.
But this is a lame excuse. The orders in the Hadith are not limited to the Banu Qurayzah incident, but these are the "General" orders for "all times" and for "all" the non-Muslims who are living in an Islamic State and paying the Jizya.
Banu Qurayzah were only Jews, but the hadith is very clear that "Jews and the Christians" should not be greeted and should be pushed on the corner of the road. Thus, Muslim deception is not going to work here.
How Umar Ibn Khattab (the 2nd Caliph) carried the Sharia orders of constant Humiliation of the Dhimmies?
Ibn Kathir writes under the commentary of this verse (9:29) about the "Pact of Umar" that he imposed upon the Christian Dhimmies (link):
“(and feel themselves subdued.), disgraced, humiliated and belittled. Therefore, Muslims are not allowed to honor the people of Dhimmah or elevate them above Muslims, for they are miserable, disgraced and humiliated. Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, لَا تَبْدَءُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِه (Do not initiate the Salam to the Jews and Christians, and if you meet any of them in a road, force them to its narrowest alley).”
This is why the Leader of the faithful `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, demanded his well-known conditions (of humiliation) be met by the Christians, these conditions that ensured their continued humiliation, degradation and disgrace. The scholars of Hadith narrated from `Abdur-Rahman bin Ghanm Al-Ash`ari that he said, "I recorded for `Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, the terms of the treaty of peace he conducted with the Christians of Ash-Sham:
`In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This is a document to the servant of Allah `Umar, the Leader of the faithful, from the Christians of such and such city. When you (Muslims) came to us we requested safety for ourselves, children, property and followers of our religion.(1) We made a condition on ourselves that we will neither erect in our areas a monastery, church, or a sanctuary for a monk, nor restore any place of worship that needs restoration nor use any of them for the purpose of enmity against Muslims.
(2) We will not prevent any Muslim from resting in our churches whether they come by day or night, and we will open the doors ﴿of our houses of worship﴾ for the wayfarer and passerby.
(3) Those Muslims who come as guests, will enjoy boarding and food for three days.
(4) We will not teach our children the Qur'an, publicize practices of Shirk, invite anyone to Shirk or prevent any of our fellows from embracing Islam, if they choose to do so.
(5) We will respect Muslims, move from the places we sit in if they choose to sit in them.
(6) We will not imitate their clothing, caps, turbans, sandals, hairstyles, speech, nicknames and title names, or ride on saddles, hang swords on the shoulders, collect weapons of any kind or carry these weapons.
(7) We will not encrypt our stamps in Arabic, or sell liquor.
(8) We will have the front of our head hairs always cut,
(9) We wear only our customary clothes, and wear (special) belts around our waist (so that we could be differentiated from the Muslims and could be humiliated),
(10) We refrain from erecting crosses on the outside of our churches and demonstrating them and our books in public in Muslim fairways and markets.
(11) We will not sound the bells in our churches, except discretely, or raise our voices while reciting our holy books inside our churches in the presence of Muslims,
(12) Nor we raise our voices ﴿with prayer﴾ at our funerals, or light torches in funeral processions in the fairways of Muslims, or their markets.
(13) We will not bury our dead next to Muslim dead, or buy servants who were captured by Muslims.
(14) There are few other conditions too, but English Translator of Tafsir Ibn Kathir hid them and didn't translate them. For example: "We will not use the saddle while riding (as sign of humiliation). And we will not carry the swords with us etc.). Please see the original Arabic version of Tafsir Ibn Kahtir for this (link).
(`Abdur-Rahman further said) When I gave this document to `Umar, he added to it, `We will not beat any Muslim. These are the conditions that we set against ourselves and followers of our religion in return for safety and protection. If we break any of these promises that we set for your benefit against ourselves, then our Dhimmah (promise of protection) is broken and you are allowed to do with us what you are allowed of people of defiance and rebellion.'''
This is known as the "Pact of Umar". You could read different traditions about it here.
This pact is such a humiliation for Humanity, that Muslims today try their best to get rid of it by claiming it to be weak. But it is not possible while the Salaf (early) Ulama of Muslims declared it authentic and made it part of Islamic Fiqh. For example:
- Ibn Hazam, Book al-Muhali (Grading: Sahih i.e. authentic)
- Ibn Qayyim, Book Ahkam Ahl-e-Dhimma (Grading: Accepted by Islamic Scholars)
- Ibn Kathir, Book Irshad-ul-Faqih (Grading: Jayyid i.e. Strong Chain)
- Ibn Taymiyyah, Book Iqtaza Siratul Mustaqeem (Grading: Jayyid i.e. Strong Chain)
Therefore, Muslims have no way to escape. Moreover, later Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz also wrote letter to his governor, which is also a proof of this pact (coming later in this article).
The humiliation of the Dhimmies in Fiqh:
Imam Abu Yusuf was a student of Imam Abu Hanifa, and he was the Grand Qazi (Chief Justice) during the era of Abbasi Caliphate of Harun-ul-Rashid.
Imam Abu Yusuf writes to the Caliph Harun-ul-Rashid about the dress of the Dhimmies, in his book "al-Khiraj" (link):
وأن يتقدم في أن لا يترك أحد منهم يتشبه بالمسمين في لباسه ولا في مركبه ولا في هيئته ، ويؤخذوا بأن يجعلوا في أوساطهم الزنارات – مثل الخيط الغليط يعقده في وسطه كل واحد منهم – وبأن تكون قلانسهم مضربة ، وأن يتخذوا على سروجهم في موضع القرابيس مثل الرمانة من خشب ، وبأن يجعلوا شراك نعالهم مثنية ، ولا يحذوا على حذو المسلمين ، وتمنع نساؤهم من ركوب الرحائل
Caliph should issue the orders (according to the Islamic Sharia) that no Dhimmi is allowed to resemble a Muslim in his dress and riding. The will demanded to wear special Belts around their waists (so that they could be immediately recognized as non-Muslim and could be humiliated) ... and they will wear special Hats (once again so that they could be recognized). It will be demanded from them that don't use the saddle while riding (this is for extreme humiliation), but they would be allowed only to use that wooden thing for ride, which is used to carry the goods. And they would not use the shoes like the Muslims use. And their women would also not be allowed to use the saddle for ride.
Imam Abu Yusuf further tells the Caliph that Dhimmies are also not allowed to make their places of worship:
ويمنعوا من أن يحدثوا بناء بيعة أو كنيسة في المدينة إلا ما كانوا صولحوا عليه وصاروا ذمة وهي بيعة لهم أو كنيسة ، فما كان كذلك تركت لهم ولم تهدم ، وكذلك بيوت النيران ، ويتركون يسكنون في أمصار المسلمين وأسواقهم يبيعون ويشترون ولا يبيعون خمرا ولا خنزيرا ولا يظهرون الصلبان في الأمصار ، ولتكن قلانسهم طوالا مضربة ، فمر عمالك أن يأخذوا أهل الذمة بهذا الزي . هكذا كان عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه أمر عماله أن يأخذوا أهل الذمة بهذا الزي وقال : حتى يعرف زيهم من زي المسلمين.
These people (Dhimmies) would not be allowed to make any new place of worship for them. And only those churches would be allowed to exist where were already present there at the time they became the Dhimmi ... You should ask your officials that they compel the Dhimmies for this dress code, as Umar Ibn Khattab also ordered his officials that they demand this special dress code from the Dhimmies, so that they could be differentiated from the Muslims.
Then Imam Abu Yusuf (died 798 AD recorded the letter of Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz (died 720 AD), in which he was giving a severe warning to his governor who stopped humiliating the Dhimmies.
قال أبو يوسف : وحدثني عبد الرحمن بن ثابت بن ثوبان عن أبيه ان عمر بن عبد العزيز كتب إلى عامل له : أما بعد ، فلا تدعن صليبا ظاهرا إلا كسر – 138 – ومحق ، ولا يركبن يهودي ولا نصراني على سرج ، وليركب على إكاف ، ولا تركبن امرأة من نسائهم على رحالة وليكن ركوبها على إكاف . وتقدم في ذلك تقدما بليغا ، وتقدم في ذلك تقدما بليغا ، وامنع من قبلك من النصارى قد راجعوا لبس العمائم وتركوا المناطق فلا يلبس نصراني قباء ولا ثوب خز ولا عصب ، وقد ذكر لي أن كثيرا ممن قبلك من النصارى قدر راجعوا لبس العمائم وتركوا المناطق على أوساطهم واتخذوا الجمام والوفر وتركوا التقصيص ، ولعمري لئن كان يصنع ذلك فيما قبلك ، إن ذلك بك لضعف وعجز ومصانعة ، وانهم حين يراجعون ذلك فيما قبلك ، إن ذلك بك لضعف وعجز ومصانعةن ، وانهم حين يراجعون ذلك ليعلموا ما أنت ، فانظر كل شيء نهيت عنه فاحسم عنه من فعله والسلام .
The Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz wrote to his governor to destroy all the Christian Crosses in the city. And Jews and Christians are not allowed to use the saddle for ride, but they have to use that thing for ride, which is used for carrying the goods. And their women are also not allowed to use the saddle for ride. Announce it publicly, and ask the people not to violate it. Also announce that Christians are not allowed to wear good quality gowns and dresses and head turban ... I have been told that under your area many Christians are wearing the head turbans, and they are also not putting the special belts around their waists (as sign of humiliation), and they are not shaving their foreheads. By God, if all this happening then it shows that you are a weak person with no abilities ... Now pay attention to what I wrote, and don't let the Christians do this anymore. Was-Salam.
Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal also recorded the same rules of humiliation for the Dhimmies (link).
And Imam Shafi'i also did the same in his book of Fiqh al-Am (link).
Early Islamic Scholars are unanimous (Ijma) upon it, and nobody denied or refuted it.
Quranic Order: Muslims have to keep hatred against the Dhimmies and never make a friendship with them
Saudi Grand Mufti writes (link):
Undoubtedly the Muslim should hate the enemies of Allaah and disavow them, because this is the way of the Messengers and their followers. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Indeed there has been an excellent example for you in Ibraaheem (Abraham) and those with him, when they said to their people: Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allaah, we have rejected you, and there has started between us and you, hostility and hatred for ever until you believe in Allaah Alone”
[al-Mumtahanah 60:4]
“You (O Muhammad) will not find any people who believe in Allaah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allaah and His Messenger (Muhammad), even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred (people). For such He has written Faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Rooh (proofs, light and true guidance) from Himself”
[al-Mujaadilah 58:22]
Based on this, it is not permissible for the Muslim to feel any love in his heart (for them).
Therefore, when Islam apologists have no answers to these Proofs, then they start blaming us (the Atheists) that we are misquoting Quran and Traditions. While in reality, these Quranic Verses and Traditions are presented by their own early Scholars of the last 14 centuries.
Hassan Radwan