There is no divine Allah present in the heavens, and Muhammad had to make Islamic laws on his own.
Since Muhammad was only a human, and he was also not well-educated, thus:
- He made huge 'Mathematical Mistakes' while distributing the inheritance.
- Moreover, your human intellect will also guide you clearly that these Islamic Rulings are Ridiculous and devoid of any Wisdom.
- And as expected, these are ONLY Women who have to suffer due to these ridiculous rulings.
Table of Contents:
(1) When SHARES make less than the Estate (An 'Asbah عصبة Case)
For example, If a person dies and the heir is one daughter, his parents, and his wife, then:
- The share of the daughter is 1/2 of the estate, based on the verse: “...and if there is only one daughter, then she shall have half the inheritance.” [Quran 4:11].
- And the share of the parents is 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 of the estate, based on the verse: “... For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each if the deceased left children” [Quran 4:11].
- And the wife’s share = 1/8 of the estate, based on the verse: “…they get an eighth of that which you leave” [Quran 4:12].
The total number of shares is 1/2 for the daughter + 1/3 for the parents + 1/8 for the wife = 0.96
… In other words, if the deceased left behind 1000 USD, the judge would need only 960 USD to distribute to them according to the Qur’an. And 40 USD are still left behind.
When Muhammad was confronted with this mistake, then it was impossible for him to correct it mathematically. Thus, he solved this problem by telling them to give the “rest” of the estate to the next nearest “Male” relative (Source: Sahih Muslim, 1615a). This is known as 'Asbah عصبة.
Although this rest amount of 40 USD in this case, seems to be a small amount for the next male relative, but little did Muhammad know, that it will prove to be a fatal mistake. It led to Islamic Rulings which are ridiculous, illogical and injustice towards women.
Let us first present some examples, and your human intellect will automatically guide you that these inheritance laws are unjust and devoid of any wisdom.
There are many online Islamic Inheritance Calculators present online. For example:
- Calculator 1 (A simple Islamic inheritance calculator).
- Calculator 2 (A detailed Islamic inheritance calculator)
Please use any online calculator to verify the following examples.
1st Example: Old Widow will get 25%, while a “MALE” relative (even a distant one like a cousin, or his son, or his grandson) will get 75%
If the deceased person has no children, but only a wife, and only a distant male relative, then they will get shares as under:
Relative | Share Fraction | Share Percentage |
Wife
|
1/4
|
25%
|
Any distant male Relative like |
3/4
|
75%
|
A wife stays with her husband the whole of her life. But when she is old and becomes a widow, then she will get only 25% of the inheritance. While the 75% inheritance goes to any distant male relative, like a cousin (or any of his descendent), whom the deceased person might not have seen in his entire life.
- Does this make any sense to you?
- Do you see any Divine Wisdom in this Islamic law?
- Do you think Muhammad/Allah has done justice to women here?
But the opposite is not valid, i.e. if a woman dies then the Husband will inherit all her property, despite the presence of her distant relatives.
2nd Example: Mother will get 33.33%, while distant relatives (like cousins, or his son, or his grandson) will get 66.67%
Similarly, if a deceased person has only an old mother and a distant male relative, then they will get their share as under.
Relative | Share Fraction | Share Percentage |
Mother
|
1/3
|
33.33%
|
Any distant male Relative like |
2/3
|
66.67%
|
So, the old mother will get only 33.33%, while a cousin (or his descendants, whom the deceased person might not have seen in his entire life) will get 66.67%.
Why?
Do you see any divine WISDOM here?
3rd Example: Sister will get much more share in inheritance than the mother and the wife
Even if the sister is married, still she will get more share in the inheritance than the mother.
Relative | Share Fraction | Share Percentage |
Mother | 2/5 | 40% |
Sister | 3/5 | 60% |
Mother is more closely related to her son than brother/sister relationship. But the illogical division of shares by the Quran made it happen that a sister gets more than the mother in inheritance (even if the sister is married).
Moreover, a widow will get even less than the mother, and the sister's share will become even bigger.
Relative | Share Fraction | Share Percentage |
Wife | 1/4 | 25% |
Sister | 3/4 | 75% |
Moreover, even if a deceased person has a daughter, still half of the property will go to the sister (even if she is married).
Relative | Share Fraction | Share Percentage |
Daughter | 1/2 | 50% |
Sister | 1/2 | 50% |
All these unjust and ridiculous shares are a product of illogical Islamic laws of inheritance, which are devoid of any divine wisdom.
(2) When SHARES make MORE than the Estate (An 'Awl عول Case)
For example, If a person dies and the heirs are three daughters, his parents, and his wife, then:
- The share of the three daughters is 2/3 of the estate, based on the verse: “...If (the heirs of the deceased are) more than two daughters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance” [Quran 4:11].
- And the share of the parents is 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 of the estate, based on the verse: “... For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each if the deceased left children” [Quran 4:11].
- And the wife’s share = 1/8 of the estate, based on the verse: “…they get an eighth of that which you leave” [Quran 4:12].
The total number of shares is 2/3 for the daughter + 1/3 for the parents + 1/8 for the wife = 1.125
In other words, if the deceased left behind 1000 dinars, the judge would need 1125 dinars to distribute to them according to the Qur’an, which he doesn't have.
Muhammad died without telling any solution to this mathematical mistake in the Quran or Hadith.
Later, a similar case came to 'Umar Ibn Khattab, and he also didn't know how what to do. Nevertheless, someone suggested he reduce the share of all heirs proportionally, and 'Umar followed this “self-made” solution in order to solve this mathematical mistake in the Quran (link).
Nevertheless, Ibn Abbas didn't agree with him, and Shia Muslims also don't agree with 'Umar. They came up with another “self-fabricated” solution (link).
In Islam, the Creator of Two Trillion Galaxies can’t add fractions, and thus Islamic Sharia has one Quranic Mathematical Error and 2 self-fabricated solutions.
(3) Linguistic Mistake in the Quran
Quran 4:11:
فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ
If (the heirs of the deceased are) more than two daughters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance
Allah is incorrectly using the phrase “more than two daughters” when He actually wanted to say “two or more daughters”.
It is a clear linguistic mistake, and it happened while no Allah is present in the heavens, and Muhammad was making the revelation on his own.
All Muslim Scholars agree that two daughters will get 2/3 of the estate.
Muhammad himself distributed 2/3rd of the estate between two daughters.
Sunan Tirmidhi, 2092:
“The wife of Sa’d bin Rabi’ came with the two daughters of Sa’d to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, these are the two daughters of Sa’d. He was killed with you on the day of Uhud, and their paternal uncle has taken all that their father left behind, and a woman is only married for her wealth.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) remained silent until the Verse of inheritance was revealed to him. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called the brother of Sa’d bin Rabi’ and said: ‘Give the two daughters of Sa’d two thirds of his wealth, and give his wife on eighth, and take what is left.’”
Grade: Sahih (Authentic) by Imam Tirmidhi and Hassan (i.e. Fair) by Al-Albani and al-Arnaut.
Tehrif (Distortion) Case:
It was such a big error, that modern Muslims Quran Translators have to make a TEHRIF (Distortion) in its translation, and change it to “two or more daughters”. For example, look at the translation of Yousuf Ali.
(Quran 4:11) Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children's (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. (Yusuf Ali, Saudi Revised Edition,1985)
And here are some other modern Quran Translators, who followed this distorted translation of “two or more daughters”.
- Mustafa Khattab
- Study Quran
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Syed Vickar Ahamed
- Umm Muhammad (Sahih International)
- Abdel Haleem
- Bilal Muhammad
- Mohammad Shafi
As compared to these modern translators, we have other translators too, who didn't make any Tehrif in the translation, and they translated it correctly, i.e. “more than two daughters”. They are:
- Word by Word Translation by Corpus Quran
- Muhammad Asad
- Literal Translation by Dr. Shahnaz Sheikh
- Pickthal
- Safi Kaskas
- Wahiduddin Khan
- Shakir
- Laleh Bakhtiar
- Abdul Hye
- Kamal Omar
- Farook Malik
- Muhammad Sarwar
- Taqi Usmani
- Ahmed Ali
- Aisha Bewley
- Maududi
It is unfortunate that modern Muslim apologists have made dishonesty HALAL for themselves. They distort, they hide, they tell clear lies ... but the truth will still become evident.
The writer of the Quran (i.e. Muhammad himself) first revealed the rulings about inheritance in 3rd Hijri year, after the battle of Uhud in which 70 Muslims were killed, and their inheritance had to be divided (Please see the introduction of Surah al-Nisa by Maududi).
At that time (i.e. in 3rd Hijri year), the Quran divided the inheritance of a Kalalah person (i.e. who has neither parents nor children) in the following way:
Suran al-Nisa 4:12:
۔۔۔ وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلاَلَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِن كَانُواْ أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ ۔۔
... And if a man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third ...
Therefore, in the 3rd Hijri year, the share of brother and sister in the inheritance of a Kalalah person was as under:
- If a Kalalah person had only a brother or a sister, then their share was 1/6 part of the estate.
- And if the Kalalah person had multiple brothers and sisters, then all of them got equal parts from 1/3rd of his/her estate.
But the problem occurred when after 6 years, the writer of the Quran (i.e. Muhammad himself) forgot this ruling in the 9th Hijri year, and he once again claimed the revelation, which stipulated the share of brothers and sisters of a Kalalah person differently.
This time, the writer of the Quran (i.e. Muhammad) stipulated the share as under:
Surah al-Nisa, verse 176:
- يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى ٱلْكَلَٰلَةِ ۚ إِنِ ٱمْرُؤٌا۟ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُۥٓ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا ٱلثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوٓا۟ إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَآءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗ
- They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females.
Therefore, in the 9th Hijri, the share of brother and sister of a Kalalah person became as under:
- The single sister of a Kalalah person will get half of the estate.
- The single brother of a Kalalah person will get ALL of the estates (i.e. double that of a sister).
- If there are two or more sisters present, then the 2/3rd estate will be divided among them equally.
- If there are both brothers and sisters present, then the full estate will be divided among them in such a way that brothers will get double than sisters.
Thus, both these two Quranic Verses got a huge contradiction regarding the shares of brothers and sisters of a Kalalah person, and this contradiction got stuck in the throats of Muslims.
Maududi wrote under the commentary of this verse of Surah al-Nisa 4:176 (link):
This verse was revealed long after the revelation of the rest of this surah. According to certain traditions, this verse was the very last Qur'anic verse to be revealed. (For these traditions, see Ibn Kathir's comments on this verse - Ed.) Even if this is disputed, it shows at least that this verse was revealed in 9 A.H., whereas the Muslims had been reciting the present surah, al-Nisa, for quite some time before that. It was for this reason that this verse was not included among the verses relating to inheritance mentioned at the beginning of the surah, but was attached to it at the end as an appendix (i.e. it is the last verse of Surah al-Nisa).
You can read more about Kalalah here.
(5) Quranists (The Rejectors of Hadith) making their own new Quran
Modern Quranists (those who reject Hadith) were also caught due to this mathematical mistake. Thus, they fabricated their own new Quran by claiming that the wife's share (i.e. 1/8 of the estate) has to be taken first, and then the remaining should be distributed among other heirs. Thus:
- The wife will get FIRST the 1/8 of the whole estate.
- And then from the remaining estate, parents will get 1/3, and daughters will get 2/3
- This makes 1/3 of parents + 2/3 of daughters = 1
They use verse 4:33 as proof that a wife should be given her share FIRST from the whole estate.
Answer:
Let us first see verse 4:33:
(Quran 4:33) And for all We (have) made heirs of what (is) left (by) the parents and the relatives. And those whom pledged your right hands - then give them their share. Indeed, Allah is over every thing a Witness.
- Nowhere in this verse, it is said to give away the wife her share FIRST from the whole estate.
- It is a NEW solution from the Quranists, just like Umar Ibn Khattab came up with a NEW solution of 'AWL on his own, or Ibn Abbas/Shias came up with a different new solution of their own. Thus, this solves the problem of inheritance, but it does not solve the mathematical mistake in the Quran.
Please also remember that:
- The Quran claims that its verses are CLEAR & EASY to understand.
- But this Quranic claim becomes wrong here while Sahaba (i.e. companions), and all the billions of Muslims of the last 14 centuries were reading this same Quran, and pondering upon it, but still all of them got misguided (according to modern Quranists) and they were not able to understand that Quran wants that the wife should be given her share FIRST.
- Thus, Quran is proven to be telling a lie when it claims that its verses are clear and easy to understand. How can then one follow such a vague book, which causes its billions of followers to go astray despite full Iman in it and despite pondering upon it day and night?
And no such solution is present in Hadith too to give the wife share FIRST. In fact, Muhammad himself knew that it is impossible to divide the whole property according to the Quranic Rulings, and thus he himself ordered to give the REST to the next male relative. The whole history of 1400 years of Islam is devoid of this solution, which these modern Quranists are suggesting today.