A LIST of Tehrif (Distortions) in English Translation of Islamic Texts

Religious individuals claim their faith has a monopoly on morals. However, we frequently observe these same individuals deceiving the public and using unethical methods to propagate their beliefs. Modern Islamic apologists, in particular, are busy distorting Islamic texts through incorrect translations and other means. This dishonesty is unfortunate.

Not even 10 Jews believed in the prophethood of Muhammad

The Bible contains several passages that highlight the phenomenon of divine acceptance of a person's sacrificial offering through the appearance of a mysterious fire that consumes the offering. These instances can be found in verses such as Judges 6:20-21, 13:19-20, and 2 Chronicles 7:1-2.

Actually, Muhammad had already made a mistake, and he had also previously confirmed this method of the miracle of fire in the Quran 5:27, in the story of Adam and his sons, where a fire appeared and consumed the offering of one son who sacrificed a sheep.

Consequently, when Muhammad asserted his prophethood, the Jews asked him to provide proof through the manifestation of a miracle, specifically the fire consuming his offering.

Muhammad found himself unable to dismiss this demand outright, as he already acknowledged it in the story of Adam in the Quran.

However, Muhammad resorted to a different approach, offering a new excuse. He accepted the validity of the miracle involving the fire accepting the offering, but he refused to showcase this miracle. He justified his inability to show this miracle by accusing the Jews of Medina that their forefathers sinned by killing previous prophets

Quran 3:183:

They (the Jews) said: "Allah took our promise not to believe in any messenger unless He showed us a sacrifice consumed by Fire (From heaven)." Say: "There came to you messengers before me, with clear Signs and even with what ye ask for: why then did ye slay them, if ye speak the truth?"

Obviously, this excuse by Allah/Muhammad was lame, as it is unjust to punish individuals for the sins of their ancestors. As a result, not even 10 Jews believed in the prophethood of Muhammad. 

Sahih Bukhari, 3941:

Sahih Muslim, 2793:

Note: The Islamic Translators of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim added these words in parenthesis on their own "(amongst their chiefs)" or "Scholars of the Jews" It is a Distortion (TEHRIF) case, while these words have nothing to do with the original tradition, which is talking about normal 10 Jews, and not about any of their chiefs/scholars. Islamic preachers are compelled to do this TEHRIF (distortion) while it was a shame that not even 10 Jews believed in Muhammad and considered him a liar. 

This distortion by Islamic preachers is utterly shameful and shows how dishonest they are and how ashamed they are of the truth.

It seems Muhammad repeated this statement multiple times, and his companion 'Auf ibn Malik is also a witness to a similar statement from him. 

Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Hadith 23464:

حدثنا أبو المغيرة قال حدثنا صفوان قال حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن جبير بن نفير عن أبيه عن عوف بن مالك قال انطلق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يوما وأنا معه حتى دخلنا كنيسة اليهود بالمدينة يوم عيد لهم فكرهوا دخولنا عليهم فقال لهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا معشر اليهود أروني اثني عشر رجلا يشهدون أنه لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله يحبط الله عن كل يهودي تحت أديم السماء الغضب الذي غضب عليه

Narrated by Abu Al-Mugheera through Safwan through Abdul-Rahman ibn Jubayr through his father through 'Awf ibn Malik, who said: One day, the Prophet ﷺ and I went to a Jewish synagogue in Medina on one of their festivals. They hated that we made an appearance. The Prophet ﷺ said: "O' Jewish tribe, show me twelve men from among you who testify that there is no deity but Allah,and that Muhammad is his messenger, and Allah will spare all the Jews under the visible heaven from the wrath He has upon them."

Grade: Sahih (Albani)

But the Jews of Medina still refused to accept him as a true prophet, and that was the point where Muhammad's enmity and hatred started against the Jews:

• First of all, Muhammad changed the Qibla once again from Bait-ul-Muqqadas to Ka'ba in Mecca. 
• Then he started openly threatening the Jews to accept Islam, otherwise, they would be expelled from Medina, and he would snatch away all of their lands by force. 

Sahih Bukhari, 3167:

Later Muhammad's anger and hatred against the Jews went so high that he was no more satisfied by expelling them from Medina, but he wanted to expel them from the whole Arab peninsula. It was due to the reason that it was a shame for him that he was claiming himself to be the promised prophet of the Jews, but the Jews were telling people that he was not that promised prophet. Muhammad didn't want the Jews to tell this to others, thus he wanted to expel them from the whole Arabian peninsula. 

Sahih Muslim, 1767(a):

Hadith of abusing Kafir to suck the clitoris of his female goddess al-Lat

There is a Hadith in Sahih Bukhari, where Abu Bakr abused the ambassador of Quraysh, by telling him to "Go and suck the clitoris of al-Lat (the female goddess)". Muhammad didn't stop Abu Bakr from this blasphemy but made such abuse a part of Islamic Sharia by keeping quiet about it instead of stopping Abu Bakr (This part of Sharia is known as Taqriri Hadith).

Sahih al-Bukhari 2731, 2732

… Then ‘Urwa said, “O Muhammad! Won’t you feel any scruple in extirpating your relations? Have you ever heard of any one amongst the Arabs extirpating his relatives before you? On the other hand, if the reverse should happen, (nobody will aid you, for) by Allah, I do not see (with you) dignified people, but people from various tribes who would run away leaving you alone.”  Hearing that, Abu Bakr abused him by saying ‘Go suck clitoris of al-Lat (the female Goddess)’ and said, "Do you say we would run and leave the Prophet  alone?"

But the Muslim English translator of Sahih Bukhari didn't translate the exact words of Abu Bakr, Instead of that, he distorted the translation and wrote (link):

" Hearing that, Abu Bakr abused him and said, "Do you say we would run and leave the Prophet (ﷺ) alone?"

So, the Muslim translator deleted the original words"Go suck clitoris of al-Lat (the female Goddess)", and used the word "abused" instead. 

This distortion is pure dishonesty from the Muslims. They are hiding this part of Sharia of Islam, which not only allows abusing the non-Muslims, but their gods too, and that too in the worst form. 

There was no insult or abuse present in the words of 'Urwah (i.e. the ambassador of Quraysh), and he was only telling his opinion as Muslims had already run away in the battle of Uhud, leaving Muhammad alone.  

As we made clear above according to the Islamic standards, Muhammad didn't stop Abu Bakr from these abusive words, which automatically makes it a part of Islamic Sharia. Imam Ibn Hajr al-Asqallani thus made it clear (link):

The clitoris is the piece of flesh that remains in the woman’s vulva after circumcision. Al-Laat is the name of one of the idols that Quraysh and Thaqeef used to worship. It was the custom of the Arabs to revile one another in this manner, but by mentioning the mother, so Abu Bakr wanted to go further in reviling ‘Urwah by referring to his object of worship instead of his mother. What made him do that was his anger towards him when he accused the Muslims of being cowards and saying that they would flee. This also indicates that it is permissible to say words that are regarded as foul or bad for the purpose of rebuking one who behaves in a manner that leads to him deserving that. Ibn al-Munayir said: In the words of Abu Bakr we see an insult to the enemy, rejection of their beliefs, and highlighting the flaws in their belief when they said that al-Laat was the daughter of Allah – exalted be Allah far above that – by suggesting that if she was a daughter that she would have what every female has
Fath al-Bari 5/340

Please read more details here.

Blasphemy Laws: The reason why the translation of this Hadith was distorted

On one side, extremist Muslims introduced draconian Blasphemy Laws in Muslim countries (and now want the same blasphemy laws to be introduced in the Western Secular countries too), but on the other hand, the Quran and Hadith are themselves full of insult and blasphemy of the Non-Muslims. Please read our detailed article about Blasphemy Laws and the Insult of the Opponents by Quran and Muhammad.

Thus, these extremist Muslims had to hide this Hadith from the eyes of non-Muslims (whose majority don't know Arabic), while it is impossible to argue for the blasphemy laws against Islam/Muhammad in the presence of this Hadith. Therefore, the extremist Muslims thought to achieve their goal by deceiving the people through the distorted translation. 

Linguistic Mistake in the Quran, Indicating Its Human Origins

Quran 4:11:

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةً فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ ۚ 

Instructs you Allah concerning your children - for the male like (the) portion (of) two females. But if there are (only) women (i.e. daughters) more (than) two, then for them two thirds (of) what he left. And if (there) is (only) one, then for her (is) half. (Word by Word Translation by Corpus Quran)

Allah is incorrectly using the phrase “more than two daughters” when He actually wanted to say “two or more daughters”.

Please read the detailed article here.

It is a clear linguistic mistake, and it happened while no Allah is present in the heavens, and Muhammad was making the revelation on his own, and he was not safe from making human mistakes like these. 

All Muslim Scholars agree that two daughters will get 2/3 of the estate.

Muhammad himself distributed 2/3rd of the estate between two daughters. 

Sunan Tirmidhi, 2092:

“The wife of Sa’d bin Rabi’ came with the two daughters of Sa’d to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, these are the two daughters of Sa’d. He was killed with you on the day of Uhud, and their paternal uncle has taken all that their father left behind, and a woman is only married for her wealth.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) remained silent until the Verse of inheritance was revealed to him. Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called the brother of Sa’d bin Rabi’ and said: ‘Give the two daughters of Sa’d two thirds of his wealth, and give his wife on eighth, and take what is left.’”

Grade: Sahih (Authentic) by Imam Tirmidhi and Hassan (i.e. Fair) by Al-Albani and al-Arnaut.

Tehrif (Distortion) Case:

It was such a big error, that modern Muslim Quran Translators have to make a TEHRIF (Distortion) in its translation, and change it to “two or more daughters”. For example, look at the translation of Yousuf Ali. 

(Quran 4:11) Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children's (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. (Yusuf Ali, Saudi Revised Edition,1985)

And here are some other modern Quran Translators, who followed this distorted translation of “two or more daughters”. 

1. Mustafa Khattab
2. Study Quran
3. Shabbir Ahmed
4. Syed Vickar Ahamed
5. Umm Muhammad (Sahih International)
6. Abdel Haleem
7. Bilal Muhammad
8. Mohammad Shafi

Compared to these modern translators, we have other translators too, who didn't make any Tehrif in the translation, and they translated it correctly, i.e. “more than two daughters”. They are:

1. Word by Word Translation by Corpus Quran
2. Muhammad Asad
3. Literal Translation by Dr. Shahnaz Sheikh
4. Pickthal
5. Safi Kaskas
6. Wahiduddin Khan
7. Shakir
8. Laleh Bakhtiar
9. Abdul Hye
10. Kamal Omar
11. Farook Malik
12. Muhammad Sarwar
13. Taqi Usmani
14. Ahmed Ali
15. Aisha Bewley
16. Maududi

It is unfortunate that modern Muslim apologists have made dishonesty HALAL for themselves. They distort, they hide, they tell clear lies ... but the truth will still become evident. 

​Imam Bukhari uses verse 65:4 in his chapter to show that Aisha was a minor at consummation and then illustrates it with hadith 5133. But sunnah.com chops off the Q65:4 reference.

evidences:

https://archive.org/details/all-in-one-sahih-al-bukhari-eng-arabic/page/6/mode/2up

“67-THE BOOK OF AN-NIKAH (The Wedlock)

(۳۹) باب إنكاح الرجل ولده الصغار، لقول الله تعالى : (والتي لم يحضن» [الطلاق : 4] فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ .

(39) CHAPTER. Giving one's young children in marriage (is permissible). By virtue of the Statement of Allah: "...and for those who have no (monthly) courses (le. they are still immature)..."(V. 65.4) And the 'Idda for the girl before puberty is three months (in the above Verse).

5133. Narrated 'Aishah that the Prophet wrote the marriage contract with her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (.e. till his death).

https://sunnah.com/bukhari:5133

(39) Chapter: Giving one's young children in marriage (38) باب إِنْكَاحِ الرَّجُلِ وَلَدَهُ الصِّغَارَ

Narrated `Aisha:

that the Prophet (ﷺ) married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death).

So sunnah.com changes

(۳۹) باب إنكاح الرجل ولده الصغار، لقول الله تعالى : (والتي لم يحضن» [الطلاق : 4] فجعل عدتها ثلاثة أشهر قبل البلوغ

to

باب إِنْكَاحِ الرَّجُلِ وَلَدَهُ الصِّغَارَ

which effectively removes part of the evidence that Bukhari thought Aisha was a consentless minor at the time of consummation.

There have also been complaints that the hadith about Muhammed angrily shoving Aisha "which caused her pain", was changed to "pushed Aisha".

Proving through distorted translation that 'Aisha was 16 years old when Muhammad married her

Here is the distorted Hadith:

Sahih Bukhari, 476:

أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَتْ لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَىَّ إِلاَّ وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ، وَلَمْ يَمُرَّ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمٌ إِلاَّ يَأْتِينَا فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم طَرَفَىِ النَّهَارِ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيَّةً،

The hadith has Aisha addressing when his parents became Muslim.

This is the line. قَالَتْ لَمْ أَعْقِلْ أَبَوَىَّ إِلاَّ وَهُمَا يَدِينَانِ الدِّينَ

And according to the English translation, it's "My parents have been Muslim since I attained the age of puberty."

But an honest translation will be: "For as far as I knew (i.e. I can remember), my parents were always Muslims."

The word أَعْقِلْ means thoughts or reasoning, but the translator, Muhsin Khan, has used the word 'puberty'. The meaning rather is simply that 'Aisha was aware that her parents were following Islam. A literal translation would be "I was not aware of my parents other than that the two of them both acknowledged the religion". The exact same Arabic phrase is translated correctly by the same translator in another narration of the same hadith (link).

The question is: "Why did Islamic apologists distort the translation?"

The answer is that they want to prove when Abu Bakr accepted Islam, 'Aisha had already gained puberty. This would then mean that 'Aisha was not a minor girl of 6 years when Muhammad married her, but she was already a grown-up adult girl at the time of marriage. 

Distortion to prove that 'Aisha was not a prepubescent girl at the time of intercourse, but already menstruating

Sunan Abi Dawud, 4933:

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم تَزَوَّجَنِي وَأَنَا بِنْتُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ أَتَيْنَ نِسْوَةٌ - وَقَالَ بِشْرٌ فَأَتَتْنِي أُمُّ رُومَانَ - وَأَنَا عَلَى أُرْجُوحَةٍ فَذَهَبْنَ بِي وَهَيَّأْنَنِي وَصَنَعْنَنِي فَأُتِيَ بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَبَنَى بِي وَأَنَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ فَوَقَفَتْ بِي عَلَى الْبَابِ فَقُلْتُ هِيهْ هِيهْ - قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ - فَأُدْخِلْتُ بَيْتًا فَإِذَا فِيهِ نِسْوَةٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ 

(The Official Translation on Sunnah.com):

The Arabic words هِيهْ هِيهْ don't mean "bursting into laughter", but according to Imam Abu Dawud they mean "I breathed".

And the Arabic words أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ don't mean "I menstruated", but they mean "I breathed". 

Darussalam English Translation of Sunan Abu Dawud too translates this sentence as “ She made me stand at the door and I started to breathe deeply.” and there is absolutely no mention of "menstruation" or laughing in it. 

The Urdu Translator of Sunan Abu Dawud also translated it as "I breathed (i.e. taking a long cold breath)".

A similar hadith is present in Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 3894, which also makes it clear that it was about "Breathing". 

Please remember, it is always a huge psychological burden for every 9 years old girl if she is told that she has been wed, and she has to leave the house of her parents, and go to the house of another total stranger person (who is above 50 years old), and live and to indulge in sexual activities with him. Every SINGLE 9-year-old girl will by nature automatically protest against it.

Just look at this video of a 9-year-old Afghan girl who is crying bitterly and protesting and doesn't want to leave with her husband (Video Link).

Alone, telling a 9-year-old girl what sex is, brings a huge psychological pressure on her. But Islam not only gives this shock to little girls about sex, but also compels them to leave the house of their parents and siblings and friends, go with a stranger in his house, and engage in sexual activities with him, even if he is a 50-year-old man. 

Watching football matches being Haram for women

Islamists discourage/forbid women from watching football matches and especially going to stadiums to watch them (Fatwa). 

But the problem for them was, 'Aisha herself watched Ethiopians playing in the courtyard of the mosque.  

Sahih Bukhari, 4894:

4894. It is related that 'A'isha said, "The Abyssinians were playing with their spears and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, acted as a screen for me while I was looking. I continued to look until I was the one to leave. So estimate how long a young girl is eager for amusement." (Translated by 'Aisha Bewley)

But Islamists had to forbid it for women. So, they did a Tehrif (Distortion) in the translation and showed only young girls (who have not reached puberty) are allowed to watch men playing games. Thus, Mohsin Khan (A Salafi Translator of Sahih Bukhari) made the following Tehrif in the translation:

Sahih Bukhari, 5236:

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، عَنْ عِيسَى، عَنِ الأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَسْتُرُنِي بِرِدَائِهِ، وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ يَلْعَبُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا الَّذِي أَسْأَمُ، فَاقْدُرُوا قَدْرَ الْجَارِيَةِ الْحَدِيثَةِ السِّنِّ الْحَرِيصَةِ عَلَى اللَّهْوِ‏.‏

Narrated `Aisha: The Prophet (ﷺ) was screening me with his Rida' (garment covering the upper part of the body) while I was looking at the Ethiopians who were playing in the courtyard of the mosque. (I continued watching) till I was satisfied. So you may deduce from this event how a little girl (who has not reached the age of puberty) who is eager to enjoy amusement should be treated in this respect.

The translation of 'Aisha Bewley is correct, and there is no mention of reaching puberty or not in the original Arabic Text. 

Revelation caused SHIVERING, or revelation caused SNORING?

Instilling FEAR and DREAD in the hearts of their followers is the most effective weapon used by those who claim to be in contact with gods, deities, and the spiritual world. Muhammad used the same tactics at many places, including how revelation comes to him. 

Sahih Bukhari, 2:

Sunan Abu Dawood, 4738:

‘Abd Allah (b. Mas’ud) reported the Messenger of Allah as saying: "When Allah, the exalted, speaks to send revelation, the inhabitants of heaven hear the clanging of a bell from the heavens like a chain being dragged across a rock, and they swoon (faint). They continue to remain like that until Jibril comes to them. When he comes to them, they recover and say: 'O Jibril, what did your Lord say?' He would say: 'The truth,' and they would say: 'The truth, the truth.'"

However, a Direct Witness caught Muhammad to be SLEEPING and SNORING during the revelation:

Sahih al-Bukhari, The Book of Umra (Translated by Aisha Bewley):

حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ يَعْنِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ وَعَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ الْخَلُوقِ أَوْ قَالَ صُفْرَةٍ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَصْنَعَ فِي عُمْرَتِي فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم، فَسُتِرَ بِثَوْبٍ وَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ‏.‏ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ تَعَالَ أَيَسُرُّكَ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْوَحْىَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ‏.‏ فَرَفَعَ طَرَفَ الثَّوْبِ، فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ لَهُ غَطِيطٌ وَأَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ كَغَطِيطِ الْبَكْرِ‏.‏ فَلَمَّا سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ ‏ "‏ أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ اخْلَعْ عَنْكَ الْجُبَّةَ وَاغْسِلْ أَثَرَ الْخَلُوقِ عَنْكَ، وَأَنْقِ الصُّفْرَةَ، وَاصْنَعْ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ كَمَا تَصْنَعُ فِي حَجِّكِ ‏"‏‏.‏

1697. Safwan ibn Ya'la ibn Umayya related from his father, "While the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was at al-Ji'rana with some of his Companions, a man came to him wearing a cloak which had traces of khaluq-perfume (or he said, 'yellowness') on it and said, 'What do you order me to do in my 'umra?' Revelation came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was shaded by a cloth. I had been wanting to see the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when the revelation was descending on him. 'Umar said, 'Come on, would you like to see the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when Allah is sending down the revelation on him?' I said, 'Yes.' So he lifted a corner of the cloth and I looked at him and he was snoring. (I think he said, 'Snoring like a young camel.') . When the state left him, he said, 'Where is the man who asked about 'umra? Take off your cloak, wash off the trace of khaluq from yourself and then wash away the yellowness. Do the same in your 'umra as you do in your hajj.'"

Tehrif (Distortion) Case:

However, Islamic apologists have distorted the translation of this hadith by using the word "inspiration" instead of "revelation." For example, see the translation of this Hadith at Sunnah.com. The Arabic word used here is "الْوَحْىُ," which means "revelation," not "inspiration."

They resort to these deceptive tactics to conceal this Islamic contradiction (of Shivering vs. Snoring) from innocent people.